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Clinical Studies

References Regarding Fiber enrichment (soluble fiber)*

*Inulin is currently included in the AACC and NAS definitions for dietary fiber.

  1. Trowell, H.C., Southgate, D.A.T., Wolever, T.M.S., Leeds, A.R., Gassull, M.A., Jenkins, D.J.A. 1976. Dietary fibre redefined. Lancet 1, 967.
  2. AACC report. 2001. The definition of dietary fibre. Cereal foods World 46, 112-126.
  3. Nilsson, U., Björck, I. 1988. Availability of cereal fructans and inulin in the rat intestinal tract. J. Nutr. 118, 1482-1486.
  4. Bach Knudsen, K.E., Hessov, I. 1995. Recovery of inulin from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) in the small intestine of man. Br. J. Nutr. 74, 101-113
  5. Ellegard, L., Andersson, H., Bosaeus, I. 1997. Inulin and oligofructose do not influence the absorption of cholesterol, or the excretion of cholesterol, Ca, Mg, An, Fe, or bile acids but increases energy excretion in ileostomy subjects. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 51, 1-5.
  6. Levrat, M.A., Remesy, C., Demigne, C. 1991. High propionic acid fermentations and mineral accumulation in the cecum of rats adapted to different levels of inulin. J. Nutr. 121, 1730-1737.
  7. Wang, X. and Gibson, G.R. 1993. Effects of the in vitro fermentation of oligofructose and inulin by bacteria growing in the human large intestine. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 75, 373-380.
  8. Djouzi, A., Andrieux, C. 1997. Compared effects of three oligosaccharides on metabolism of intestinal microflora in rats inoculated with a human faecal flora. Br. J. Nutr. 78, 313-324.
  9. Brighenti, F., Casiraghi, M.C., Canzi, E. and Ferrari, A. 1999. Effect of consumption of a ready-to-eat breakfast cereal containing inulin on the intestinal milieu and blood lipids in healthy male volunteers. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 53, 726-733.
  10. Gibson, G.R., Beatty, E.R., Wang, X. and Cummings, J.H. 1995. Selective stimulation of bifidobacteria in the human colon by oligofrcutose and inulin. Gastroenterology 108, 975-982.
  11. Alies, M.S., Hautvast, J.G., Nagengast, F.M., Hartemink, R., Van Laere, K.M., Jansen, J.B. 1996. Fate of fructo-oligosaccharides in the human intestine. Br. J. Nutr. 76, 211-221.
  12. den Hond, E., Geypens, B., Ghoos, Y. 2000. Effect of high performance chicory inulin on constipation. Nutr. Res. 20, 731-736.
  13. Kieessen, B., Skyura, B., Zunft, H.J. and Blaut, M. 1997. Effect of inulin and lactose on faecal microflora , microbial activity, and bowel habit in elderly constipated persons. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 65, 1397-1403.

References Regarding Prebiotic

  1. Gibson, G.R. and Roberfroid, M.B. 1995. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota-introducing the concept of probiotics. J. Nutrition 125, 1401-1412.
  2. Fuller, R. ed. 1992. Probiotics, the scientific basis. London: Chapman & Hall
  3. Mitsuoka, 1990. Bifidobacteria and their role in human health. J. Int. Mocrobiol. 6, 263-268.
  4. Modler, H.W. et al. 1990. Bifidobateria and bififogenic factors. Can. Inst. Food Sci. Technol. J., 23, 29-41.
  5. Ouwehand, A.C., Kirjainen, p.V., Shortt, C., Salminen, S. 1999. Probiotics: mechanisms and established effects. Int. Dairy J. 9, 43-52.
  6. Menne, E., Guggenbuhl, N. and Roberfroid, M. 2000. Chicory Inulin hydrolysate has a prebiotic effect in humans. J. Nutrition 130, 1197-1199.
  7. Rao, V.A. 2001. The prebiotic properties of oligofructose at low intake levels. Nutr. Res. 21, 843-848.
  8. Brighenti, F., Casiraghi, M.C., Canzi, E. and Ferrari, A. 1999. Effect of consumption of a ready-to-eat breakfast cereal containing inulin on the intestinal milieu and blood lipids in healthy male volunteers. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 53, 726-733.
  9. Tuohy, K.M., Finlay, R.K., Wynne, A.G., Gibson, G.R. 2001. A human volunteer study on the prebiotic effects of HP-inulin-faecal bacteria enumerated using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Anaerobe 7, 113-118.
  10. Kruse, H. -P., Kleessen, B. and Blaunt, M. 1999. Effects of inulin on faecal bifidobacteria in human subjects. Br. J. Nutrition 82, 375-382.
  11. Van Loo, J., Cummings, J., Delzenne, N., Englyst, H., Franck, A., Hopkins, M., Kok, N., MacFarlane, G., Newton, D., Quigley, M., Roberfroid, M., van Vilet, T. and van vilet, T. and van den Heuvel, E. 1999. Functional food properties of non-digestible olgiosaccharides: a consensus report from the ENDO project (DGXII AIRII-CT94-1095). J. nutrition 81, 121-132.

References Regarding Improved Bone Health

  1. Reinhold, J.G., Faradji, B., Abadi, P., Ismail-Beigi, F. 1976. Decreased absorption of calcium, magnesium, zinc and phosphorus by humans due to increased fiber and phosphorus consumption as wheat bran. J. Nutr. 106, 493-503.
  2. Harland, B.F., Oberleas, D. 1987. Phytate in foods. Wld Rev. Nutr. Diet 52, 235-259.
  3. Allen, L.H. 1982. Calcium bioavailability and absorption: a review. AM. J. Clin. Nutr. 35, 783-808.
  4. Levrat, M.A., Remesy, C., Demigne, C. 1991. High propionic acid fermentations and mineral accumulation in the cecum of rats adapted to different levels of inulin. J. Nutr. 121, 1730-1737.
  5. Remesy, C., Levrat, M.A., Gamet. L., Demigne, C., 1993. Cecal fermentations in rats fed oligosaccharides (inulin) are modulated by dietary calcium level. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 27, G855-G862.
  6. Lopez, H.W., Coudray, C., Levrat-Verny, M. -A., Feillet-Coudray, C., Demigne, C., Remesy, C. 2000. Fructooligosaccharides enhance mineral apparent absorption and counteract the deleterious effects of phytic acid on mineral homeostasis in rats. J. Nutr. Biochem. 11, 500-508.
  7. Delzenne, N., Aertssens, J., Verplaetse, H., Roccaro, M., Roberfroid, M., 1995. Effect of fermentable fructo-oligosaccharides on mineral, nitrogen and energy digestive balance in the rat. Life Sciences 57, 1579-1587.
  8. Scholz-Ahrens, K.E., van Loo, J., Schrezenmeirer, J. 1998. Oligofruktose stimuliert die femurmineralisation in abhangigkeit von der calciumzufuhr bei der ovariektomierten ratte. Zeitschrift fur Ernahrungs wissenschaft 37, 123-124.
  9. Lemort, C., Roberfroid, M.B. 1997. Effect of chicory fructooliogosaccharides on Ca balance. P. 163 in Proc. of Int. Symp. Non digestible oligosaccharides: healthy food for the colon?, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
  10. Coudray, C., Roberfroid, M.B. 1997. Effect of soluble dietary fibres supplementation on absorption and balance of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc in healthy young men. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 51, 375-380.
  11. Van den Heuvel, E.G., Muys, T., van Dokkum, W., Schaafsma, G., 1999. Oligofructose stimulates calcium absorption in adolescents. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 69, 544-548.
  12. Griffin, I.J., Davila, P.M., Abrams, S.A. 2002. Non-doestible oligosaccharides and calcium absorption in girls with adequate calcium intakes. Br. J. Nutr. 87, 52, 187-191


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